Leki-dyletancja-korupcja (dlugie)

Liczba wypowiedzi w tym wątku: 4

1. Data: 2001-02-08 03:15:49

Temat: Leki-dyletancja-korupcja (dlugie)
Od: kard. Glemp <k...@u...net> szukaj wiadomości tego autora

Tym ktorzy nie wierza ze sie jednak kreci (nasza planeta) zalaczam dwa
artykuly The New York Times (wersja NYC). Pierwszy z dzisiaj, drugi z
grudnia.

Dedykuje zwlaszcza dyletantom z buzkoPAPu, akwizytorowi Novartis panu
Laczkowskiemu, i niektorym orlom z Wprost.

Jest to piekny przyklad mojej teorii ze do sprawy lekow i ostatniej
paniki Profesora Prostytutki Bucka odnosnie lekow jest co najmniej druga
czesc.

Pierwszy omawia jak to indyjska firma chce sprzedawac leki przeciw AIDS
w Afryce po 1,74 USD dziennie na pacjenta, a Glaxo (dawniej Polfa
Poznan) to samo za 16 USD.

Drugi artykul jest szerszy o ogolniejszy na ten temat. Omawia ekonomie
choroby AIDS. Na cudzej biedzie inwestorzy balcerowicza moga niezle
zarobic.

Pomocniczy artykul na temat oszustw obecnych w PL koncernow
farmaceutycznych jest tutaj:
http://www.washingtonpost.com/bodyhunters

Kopie wyslane dla Bucka i Pieknego Mania. Przyjemnej lektury.

Miro
--
Parszywe sekrety Michnika - tajne dokumenty
Philip Morris juz w sieci:
http://www.angelfire.com/nj/papierosy/docspl.html
____________

NY Times February 7, 2001

Indian Company Offers to Supply AIDS Drugs at Low Cost in
Africa

By DONALD G. McNEIL Jr.

ARIS, Feb. 6 In a move that could force big drug multinationals
to cut the prices of their AIDS
drugs in poor countries, an Indian company offered today to supply
triple-therapy drug "cocktails" for
$350 a year per patient to a doctors' group working in Africa.

The Indian company, Cipla Ltd. of Bombay, a major manufacturer of
generic drugs, made the offer to
Doctors Without Borders, which won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1999 for its
work in war-torn and
impoverished areas. In Africa the group sets up small pilot programs to
develop models for broader
approaches to combat AIDS, and would distribute the Cipla drugs free.

As part of its program, Cipla would also sell the drugs to larger
government programs for $600 a year per
patient, about $400 below the price offered by the companies that hold
the patents. "This is the way to
break the stranglehold of the multinationals," said Dr. Yusuf K. Hamied,
chairman of Cipla, who will meet
with the doctors' group on Feb. 15 to discuss strategy.

For two years, Doctors Without Borders has led an aggressive campaign to
force multinationals to cut
prices on life-saving drugs for the world's poorest patients.

Other parties in the campaign are the Philadelphia and Paris chapters of
the AIDS Coalition to Unleash
Power, and the Consumer Project on Technology, a Washington group
started by Ralph Nader.

The normal cost of the AIDS cocktail in the West is $10,000 to $15,000 a
year. Last May five
multinationals, backed by the World Health Organization and other United
Nations agencies, offered to sell
their components to poor nations at sharply reduced prices.

But Cipla and other makers of generic drugs in Brazil, Thailand and
other countries have not been part of
the talks with W.H.O., a situation that Cipla hopes to change with its
aggressive entry onto the scene.

The country-by-country negotiations about how the multinationals
distribute the drugs have gone slowly,
and so far only Uganda, Senegal and Rwanda have agreements. The
companies refuse to release figures,
but the cost of a typical cocktail in Senegal is $1,000 a year,
according to Doctors Without Borders.

Dr. Bernard Pecoul, director of the Access to Essential Medicines
project for Doctors Without Borders,
said the Cipla offer, which he learned of only today, "will let us start
up our pilot projects on a larger scale."

The doctors' group has 40 AIDS projects around the world, about half in
Africa, where the infection rate
reaches as high as 36 percent. Only five of these pilot programs are
giving out antiretroviral cocktails. With
the Cipla offer, or matching ones from other companies, up to 20 could
be distributing the drugs by the end
of year.

Cipla is offering to sell the agency as many doses as it is wants at
$350 a year. Dr. Hamied said that his
company would lose money at that price, but that he would supply "10,000
doses or 20,000 or 30,000,
however many they want."

The $600 price to governments is near Cipla's break-even point, he said,
but costs could drop with greater
production. If that happens, he would cut prices further.

In India he sells the same cocktail for about $1,100 a year. But he
denied that he was trying to grab market
share in Africa. "What do I want with market share?" he asked. "I don't
have a monopoly, and the only way
to make real money in drugs is with a monopoly. In this disaster, there
is room for everybody."

Wide distribution of the drugs in Africa is not without critics, given
the attendant need for careful monitoring.
Some experts argue that it would be better to spend the money on
providing clean water, controlling
malaria and increasing the use of condoms. But Doctors Without Borders
says that the dangers and side
effects of the drugs pale beside the immensity of the epidemic itself,
and that Western testing standards
are overcautious.

The typical AIDS cocktail is a combination of any three of about nine
protease inhibitors or reverse
transcriptase inhibitors. The chemicals suppress the human
immunodeficiency virus but, as with any
chemical therapy, they are toxic and can damage the liver. In the West,
doctors carefully monitor the levels
of the drug in the blood, test for organ damage and check the levels of
the virus in the bloodstream. If the
virus mutates to resist the therapy, the combinations are changed.
Careful monitoring may not be possible
in many African settings.

But with 25 million Africans infected with the AIDS virus, Doctors
Without Borders and other agencies
argue, imperfect treatment is better than none.

Dr. Pecoul pointed out that large numbers of infected Africans live in
urban areas where, "with a quite
simple clinic, you can deal with anti retrovirals."

He is also "not convinced" that the batteries of tests routinely ordered
for Western patients are really
necessary. "Some people suggest that H.I.V. testing and clinical
followup can be enough," he added.

The Cipla drug combination is two tablets of 40 milligrams of stavudine,
two tablets of 150 milligrams of
lamivudine and two tablets of 200 milligrams of nevirapine.

In the United States and many other countries, the Bristol-Myers Squibb
Company holds the patent on
stavudine, also known as Zerit or d4T; Glaxo-Wellcome of Britain holds
the patent on lamivudine, also
known as Heptovir or 3TC, and Boerhinger Ingelheim G.m.b.H. of Germany
holds the patent on
nevirapine, or Viramune.

Western drug companies have shown themselves determined to defend their
patent rights to be sole
distributors throughout the world, and Dr. John Wecker, head of
Boerhinger Ingelheim's efforts to negotiate
cheaper prices in Africa, said he did not yet know what his company
would do if Cipla undercut its prices.
"We offer a standard quality from the original manufacturer and can meet
any demand that exists out there
that can be delivered with safe procedures," he said.

He refused repeatedly to say at what price Boerhinger Ingelheim sells
nevirapine to Senegal or Uganda,
saying, "Affordability is an issue, but not the major issue."

Representatives from Glaxo-Wellcome and Bristol-Myers did not return
phone calls, but the three
companies can be expected to wage a hard fight against the distribution
of generic versions of their drugs.

Late last year, Glaxo-Wellcome threatened to sue Cipla when it tried to
sell Duovir, its generic version of
Glaxo's Combivir, a lamivudine/zidovudine combination, in Ghana.

Cipla offered the drug for $1.74 a day; Glaxo had cut its price to $2,
from $16. But even though the African
regional patent authority said Glaxo's patents were not valid in Ghana,
Cipla backed down and stopped
selling Duovir.

Asked what he would do if the three drug companies sued to stop him, Dr.
Hamied said: "We won't fight it.
I don't look at it as a fight. There's room for everybody. This is a
holocaust in Africa. It's like the earthquake
in India right now everybody is helping out. I'm not looking to pick
anybody's business; there's room for
the multinationals at their price and room for us at our price, a
partnership."

Copyright 2001 The New York Times Company

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

NY Times December 1, 2000

Selling Cheap 'Generic' Drugs, India's Copycats Irk Industry

By DONALD G. McNEIL Jr.

OMBAY To anyone else, the room looks like the unprepossessing
office of a college science
teacher. But to the multinational pharmaceutical giants, it is the
lair of a pirate king.

Grinning proudly, he brandishes his trustiest weapon, the scribbled
notebooks he has kept since his days
as a chemistry student at Cambridge in the 1950's. Page upon page is
filled with dainty hand-sketched
lattices representing carbon rings: new molecules being tested in the
West. They are the blueprints for
plunder that the pirate has gleaned from his magazine subscriptions; his
budget for pharmaceutical and
medical journals is $150,000 a year.

And just downstairs in the conference room is his treasure hoard,
glittering with the pinks and greens of
tiny pills, the sheen of gelatin capsules, the sharp glint of injection
ampuls. In the room's glass cabinets
are the 400 drugs made by his company, Cipla Ltd. They include Erecto,
the company's knockoff of Viagra;
Nuzac, its knockoff of Prozac; Forcan, its knockoff of the antifungal
drug Diflucan; Lomac, its knockoff of
the ulcer drug Prilosec; Amlopres, its knockoff of the hypertension drug
Norvasc.

Some of these compounds make $1 billion or more a year for the Western
companies that hold the patents
on them. But not here. They are sold by Cipla at one- twentieth to
one-fiftieth of the price paid in the United
States.

And they are all perfectly legal, at least under Indian law.

"We did a little study," Yusuf K. Hamied, Cipla's managing director and
India's most outspoken buccaneer,
said during a tour of his headquarters. "Our turnover is $200 million.
If we sold our products at the
American-originator prices, our turnover would be $4 billion."

To pharmaceutical giants like Pfizer, Glaxo Wellcome and Aventis, which
invest billions of dollars in
research, Dr. Hamied embodies the enemy.

Under Indian law, only manufacturing processes, not the products
themselves, are covered by patents. So
Indian drug companies can boldly reverse-engineer best-selling drugs and
sell copies cheaply. "I make
every Pfizer product," Mr. Hamied boasted.

The Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America, or PhRMA,
which represents the United
States industry, says Indian patent law is "designed to punish importers
of patented technology into India
and to coerce local production."

It calls India's licensing practices "infamous" and says the experience
of some American drug makers "has
been so negative that most companies have abandoned efforts to obtain or
enforce patents in India."

Exactly how much money Western pharmaceutical manufacturers lose in
India and other countries like
Brazil, Argentina, Thailand, Egypt and China that fly the Jolly Roger of
drug piracy is in dispute. Annual
world sales of drugs amount to about $400 billion, and some executives
claim that a tenth of that, $40
billion, is lost.

But it is also true that Western drug companies would sell very little
in the developing world at the prices
they charge Americans and Europeans. Harvey E. Bale Jr., director
general of the International Federation
of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers Associations, a Geneva-based industry
trade group, put the total of lost
sales at about $3 billion.

A PhRMA study released in February found that losses in India were $69
million a year, but it covered just
20 common knockoff drugs. Mr. Bale said the total loss figure for India
was probably $100 million a year.

Semantics and Ethics

Iain Cockburn, a professor of management at Boston University who has
studied the issue, says there are
serious problems with pirates, because some make weak or even toxic
counterfeits. Also, some powerful
compounds, anti-AIDS drugs for example, must be taken on a rigorous
schedule under careful monitoring,
yet knockoff drugs may be shipped to impoverished countries where a
steady supply and satisfactory
medical supervision cannot be assured.

But apart from those concerns, he said, Western drug companies "just
don't like the idea that their
proprietary rights can be got around via the back door."

"That's the bottom line," Professor Cockburn continued. "It's a threat
to the business model."

He noted that even if "the generic companies" were selling in markets
that did not attract the Western drug
giants, "the world supply of each molecule increases, so the world
average price has got to come down."

When Professor Cockburn called them "the generic companies" instead of
"pirates," he was underscoring
an essential aspect of the knockoff drug industry. Some producers are
fly-by-night operations making
dangerous counterfeits, but others, like Cipla and its chief rival,
Ranbaxy Laboratories Ltd., are reputable
companies that make much of their money manufacturing ingredients for
American and European
companies; 70 percent to 80 percent of the key ingredients in American-
made generic drugs come from
foreign suppliers, as do about 60 percent of those in brand-name drugs.

It is only when the newest molecules, often made in the same factories,
are sold in countries where a
patent has not yet expired, that a "generics manufacturer" becomes a
"pirate counterfeiter."

"It's a marvelous piece of P.R. to get these companies called pirates,"
said Frederick M. Scherer, an
emeritus professor of public policy at the Kennedy School of Government
at Harvard. "What they're doing is
perfectly legitimate, until 2005, under the Paris convention and the
Uruguay Round of trade talks."

Under those talks, which set up the World Trade Organization and forged
a treaty on intellectual property,
India has until 2005 to bring its laws into accordance with the treaty,
which recognizes 20-year patents on
most inventions. Without patents, which ensure a period in which to
profit by being the sole legal seller of
an invention, no one would invest in finding new medicines.

India's current drug laws ignore that reasoning, on the ground that
saving Indian lives is more important than
profits to inventors. And Parliament, with the country's drug industry
lobbying hard to protect its ability to
copy molecules, is taking its time on compliance legislation.

"We don't need to be apologetic about it," said Dr. Javid A. Chowdhury,
the Indian minister of health.
"We're a self-contained, developing economy. We live on little, but we
survive. Outside of the third world,
there's very little realization of how little money the poor live on.
The per- capita health expenditure in India
is $10 a year."

Noting that some Western drug companies have discounted their prices of
AIDS drugs to Africa by 80
percent, he added, "If they can offer an 80 percent discount, there was
something wrong with the price they
started off with."

The American pharmaceutical industry often ranked as the country's
most profitable disputes the
view that its profits are unconscionably high. One PhRMA statement
argues that they are "only slightly
above the average for all industries" and blames the higher valuations
on the way accountants write off
research expenses. But it also argues that "we need to be profitable in
order to attract the capital to
sustain innovation."

The Mechanics of Profit

Mr. Bale of the Geneva-based trade group says pharmaceutical companies
operate in a world in which
most new drugs are either costly duds or blockbusters. To stay
competitive and to stay alive in an era of
mergers and increasing competition they rely on profits from their
most successful products. "One or
two products make or break the company," Mr. Bale said. "They drive
those blockbusters to maximize
revenues."

Shannon Herzfeld, a PhRMA spokeswoman, took particular issue with
India's rationale. "We object to their
premise that intellectual property rights are a barrier to access to
good medicine," she said. "Anyone who
says, `We have to steal' is wrong. Stealing ideas is not how one
provides good health care."

In fact, India recognizes Western- style intellectual property rights on
most products, including computer
software, in which it has a thriving industry. But it does not recognize
them on chemicals for medicine or
agriculture, a position that dates back to its Patents Act of 1970, for
which Mr. Hamied heavily lobbied
Prime Minister Indira Gandhi. The law, conceived in postcolonial days
when India still suffered famines and
the average Indian man could expect to live only about 40 years, was
intended to encourage the founding of
local industries to break the choke hold of foreign chemical companies.

At the time, India's drug prices were among the highest in the world.
Now they are among the lowest.
Access to drugs is one reason that average life expectancy has risen to
64 today, just as cheap pesticides
based on foreign formulas are part of the reason India now feeds itself.

An important provision in the 1970 law recognized "process patents"
rather than "product patents." That is,
an inventor patents the multistep recipe for making the drug, not the
molecule itself. If a rival can tweak the
recipe slightly but end up with the same molecule, he may patent that
and sell the result.

As Indian drug makers point out, many countries have used process
patents to develop new industries, as
Japan did in the 1950's. And during the 19th-century Industrial
Revolution, Americans freely copied
European inventions.

Asked how he feels about being called a pirate, Mr. Hamied tells an
anecdote about an American friend
who visited India and paid for his trip by buying 1,000 Voltaren
tablets, made by Ciba-Geigy, for his
mother's arthritis. The price in America was $2,000. In India, because
of stiff competition from imitators,
Ciba- Geigy sold the same product for 5 cents a tablet, so he paid $50.

"Somebody had been pirated," Mr. Hamied said. "And in this case, it
wasn't by the Indian."

The Economics of AIDS

Jag M. Khanna, president of research for Ranbaxy, an Indian company that
is Cipla's biggest rival, was
indignant at the suggestion that he was engaging in piracy. "I have the
right to follow the law of my land,
and the law says I can reverse-engineer what I like," he said. "They
call us pirates, but we're developing our
country."

Mr. Khanna's company makes generic Zantac, the Glaxo Wellcome ulcer
drug, in bulk for $50 a kilogram.
"When it was on patent," he said, "the company charged $9,000 per kilo."

Mr. Hamied makes sildenafil citrate, the active ingredient in Viagra,
for 2 cents a pill. He exports it to
Yemen and Sudan, where it sells under the Erecto name. Assuming he gets
government approval next
month, he will sell it for 10 cents in India under the name Eviva or
Tarzia.

He also makes fluconazole, an antifungal drug, for an American generic
drug company that is testing it for
sale in 2002, when Pfizer's patent on the drug, which it sells as
Diflucan, runs out.

Meanwhile, though, Mr. Hamied is making it in bulk for $900 a pound, and
selling it in India for 50 cents a
pill. He could make a safe, full- strength version for $135 a pound, and
sell it for as little as 5 cents a pill,
he said. But since he exports to America, the United States Food and
Drug Administration imposes
stringent cleanliness and safety standards on his factory small
batches, constant testing, sanitized
vessels, pressurized air locks, voluminous record-keeping that drive
costs up.

In the United States, name-brand Diflucan is sold to treat toenail
fungus, yeast infections including thrush,
and other conditions. Pfizer makes about $1 billion a year on it, at a
wholesale price of about $10 a pill. At
retail, it can sell for $25 or even $40.

But a daily fluconazole tablet is also the only way to save an AIDS
patient with cryptococcal meningitis, a
lethal brain inflammation.

In Africa, where millions have AIDS and about 10 percent develop the
meningitis, Pfizer's patents keep the
price at about $18 a pill a death sentence for most infected Africans.
In April, the company said it would
eventually give the drug away free in South Africa, but it has yet to do
so.

Cipla makes 4 of the 14 drugs commonly used in AIDS "cocktail" therapy:
zidovudine, lamivudine,
stavudine and nevirapine. Depending on how it is formulated, Cipla's
cocktail costs as little as $83 a month,
versus $1,000 or more in the West. But Cipla cannot legally sell the
drug in many African countries, which
have Western-style patent laws.

The big pharmaceutical companies defend their monopolies in even the
poorest markets. When Cipla tried
to give away some Duovir, its knockoff of Glaxo Wellcome's Combivir, in
Ghana, British-based Glaxo said it
would not take action against modest donations but added that it would
"reserve the right to enforce our
patent rights against any further acts of infringement."

Dr. Hamied began reverse-engineering AIDS drugs in 1992 because, he
said, he realized the epidemic
would hit India hard. "Lamivudine took four years of my life," he said.

Cipla keeps lowering the prices of these drugs "for social reasons," he
said, and the company runs
television ads with public health messages.

In part, it can charge less because it keeps overhead low; its
headquarters here in Bombay are in a
nondescript 35-year-old building behind a church and an apartment house.

Mr. Hamied said he could charge more for his drugs, but then fewer
people would be able to afford them. "If
you want to have granite rooms and marble floors, O.K., but it's not my
style," Mr. Hamied said. "I can't eat
better than I do."

That said, he does have homes in London and Mauritius.

His chemists with Ph.D.'s make about $10,000 a year, a good salary in
India. The lowest-paid of his 3,500
employees make about $2,400 a year, he said.

Indian Success Story

Mr. Hamied comes by this mix of motivations profit, social conscience
and nationalism by birthright.
His father was a follower of Mahatma Gandhi's brand of Indian
nationalism whose family chipped in to send
him to study chemistry in England, India's colonial master, in 1924.
Instead, he changed ships and went to
Germany, then the world's leader in chemicals. On a Berlin lake, he met
a Lithuanian Jewish socialist
Mr. Hamied's mother. They fled as Germany was shifting into Nazi hands,
and the Chemical, Industrial and
Pharmaceutical Laboratories, later known as Cipla, was founded in 1935.

The company still keeps a sort of shrine to the day in 1939 that Gandhi
visited, writing in the guest book, "I
was delighted to visit this Indian enterprise."

But, like all Indian companies, Cipla suffers from what is sometimes
called "the liability of Indianness" a
sense in the West that its products are somehow substandard.

To be sure, India has a serious counterfeiting problem. It has more than
20,000 drug companies, and many
make poor-quality fakes. But 70 percent of the domestic market is
controlled by 20 companies. Some are
subsidiaries of multinationals; the biggest, Glaxo India, is part of
Glaxo Wellcome. The large independents,
like Cipla, Ranbaxy, Dr. Reddy's, Wockhardt and Sun Pharma, already
produce many generic drugs for
export to America, Europe and Japan, so they pass regular inspections by
visiting regulators from the
United States, Britain, Germany and elsewhere.

"They have a better record than some American manufacturers," said
Vihari Purushothaman, an analyst of
health care stocks for Chase JF in Bombay. They have to wait so long for
Food and Drug Administration
inspectors to fly in, he said, "that they make sure they don't leave
anything to chance."

Ranbaxy has F.D.A. approval for 20 of its generic products, Mr. Khanna
said, and it even owns a factory in
New Brunswick, N.J.

Outside the Indian city of Pune (often spelled Poona), Cipla has a
brand-new factory where employees in
spotless scrub suits cross pressurized air locks to tend expensive drug-
making machinery. The factory is
on a rural campus whose lawns are watered with the purified output of
the effluent plant.

Dr. Hamied says his factories have passed 22 separate Food and Drug
Administration inspections.

Even though multinational drug executives know there are reputable
Indian companies, they often tar them
all by "confusing the issues by mixing `counterfeit,' `bad quality' and
`India' in the same heap," said Ellen 't
Hoen, a drug policy consultant to Doctors Without Borders, which pushes
for cheaper drugs in the
developing world.

Acknowledging the phenomenon, Mr. Purushothaman said there was "a sort
of racism inherent in this."

Ms. Herzfeld, the PhRMA spokeswoman, denied that such scare tactics were
used. "I don't know a single
executive who'd do that," she said. "That's not based on fact; it's sort
of an urban myth."

If India abided by Western patent laws, more Western companies would
sell there and would price drugs
so Indian consumers could afford them, she said.

"We won't spend $500 million and 17 years to come up with a product that
no one will buy," she said. "I
don't see why anyone would neglect the Indian market. Our members have
been in Africa for decades too.
We sell lots of medicine in Africa, for Parkinson's and heart disease,
for example. Our members are
dedicated to getting our medicines to people who are sick."

She also suggested that the Indian government ought to look harder at
its budgets, and consider whether it
ought to pay more for health rather than for "submarines or fighter
planes." Since life expectancy is part of
development, she said, "maybe they might put more money in health care
than in 10-lane highways or in
steel mills."

Indian drug executives, of course, scoff at the notion that Western
companies would price drugs for Indian
pockets without being forced to by local competition.

Getting in Line

Whether they like it or not, however, some Indian companies are
beginning to conduct original research. To
be accepted into the World Trade Organization, India signed the 1994
Agreement on Trade-Related
Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights and has promised to bring its
laws into compliance by 2005.

Some Indians, like Amit Sen Gupta, head of the Delhi Science Forum, a
scientists' group, worry that
product patents will turn the clock back to the 1960's, when Western
drug companies dominated India, set
high prices and conducted little research on tropical diseases that,
like leprosy and malaria, do not affect
Americans or Europeans.

India's Parliament, however, is well behind its own 2005 legislation
schedule, and the nation's industry is
lobbying hard to be sure the new laws do not hamstring its ability to
copy molecules.

The 1994 agreement recognizes that there are circumstances under which
product patents can be voided.
These might include war, epidemics or antitrust violations by patent
holders. One easily exploitable
provision is "failure to work the patent." Under it, a patent can be
voided if the patent holder fails to make or
import the product, or even fails to sell it at prices affordable to
average citizens. Since the average Indian
now spends $3.50 a year on drugs, affordability could be a low
threshold.

Mr. Hamied wants the new law to recognize "licensing of right," which
could allow him to copy any drug he
wanted as long as he paid a royalty to the patent holder. He conceded,
though, that setting royalties would
probably cause constant legal disputes.

Virtually all Indian lawmakers would agree that patents on crucial drugs
should be voided if people were
dying for lack of them, he said. But what is a lifesaving drug?

"To an asthmatic, an inhaler is lifesaving," he said. "Everything that
improves your quality of life Viagra,
drugs for Alzheimer's, mood elevators, tranquilizers can be
lifesaving. You must give people a chance."

C. Visalakshi, an analyst of health stocks for Kotak Securities in
Bombay, said she doubted any new law
will go that far. She predicted that the right to copy, under carefully
defined circumstances, would still
"definitely apply to AIDS drugs, cancer drugs and lifesaving drugs." She
continued: "Maybe not for
antibiotics. And probably not for lifestyle drugs like Viagra or
Rogaine."

Mr. Hamied is not waiting for a new law. Back at his desk after a tour
of his headquarters laboratories,
which bristle with expensive equipment from Hewlett-Packard and
Perkins-Elmer, he picks up his latest
notebook.

"I think this will be a blockbuster drug," he said, displaying his
sketch of Ariflo, an anti-asthma drug that
SmithKline Beecham has not started selling yet. "And this." He shows an
unreleased anti-AIDS drug called
calanolide-A.

He is already breaking them down and working on new formulations. "This
is what gives me pleasure in
life," he said with a satisfied grin. "And it's my venture capital."

Copyright 2000 The New York Times Company

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2. Data: 2001-02-08 13:05:56

Temat: Re: Leki-dyletancja-korupcja (dlugie)
Od: Piotr Kasztelowicz <p...@a...torun.pl> szukaj wiadomości tego autora

On Thu, 8 Feb 2001, kard. Glemp wrote:

> Pierwszy omawia jak to indyjska firma chce sprzedawac leki przeciw AIDS
> w Afryce po 1,74 USD dziennie na pacjenta, a Glaxo (dawniej Polfa
> Poznan) to samo za 16 USD.
>

po pierwsze po co zamieszczasz tak dlugi cytat - to jest spamerstwo

po drugie trzeba wziac jednak po uwage to, ze Glaxo aby wyprodukowac
lek ponioslo koszty badan naukowych i doswiadczen klinicznych a firma
indyjska wyprodukowala generyk nie inwestujac w proces koncepcyjny
tworzenia leku. Jesli nie bedziemy "dawac zarabiac" na nowych lekach
firmom, ktore sa "tygrysami" farmaceutycznymi - to znaczy sa duze,
maja duza kase i stac ich na inwestowanie tylko bedziemy "zabierac"
im ich dokonania natychmiast po tym, jak cos nowego wykryja to
w tym dniu dokladnie skonczy sie postep w zakresie tworzenia nowych
lekow. Dokladnie dlatego nie ma postepu w zakresie tworzenia nowych
lekow przeciwko tradowi, gruzlicy i malarii, poniewaz nie ma
z tego kasy a presja "moralna" biednych krajow, gdzie te choroby
glownie wystepuja jest tak duza, ze zadna z firm nie chce
tego "wyzwania" podejmowac.

P.
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[http://www.am.torun.pl/~pekasz]

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3. Data: 2001-02-09 17:40:38

Temat: Re: Leki-dyletancja-korupcja (dlugie)
Od: kard. Glemp <k...@u...net> szukaj wiadomości tego autora

Do sprawy wroce wkrotce. Tymczasem zerknij tutaj.
AkwizytorNovartis Laczkowski dalej nie kuma:

Dziennik Polski Krakow 2001-02-09:

Za podróż jachtem zapłacą
pacjenci?

Polpharma SA zdecydowanie zaprzecza

(INF. WŁ.) - Ceny leków firmy Polpharma SA szybko idą w
górę, a równocześnie zasypują nas jej reklamy, bo jest ona
jednym z głównych sponsorów regat dookoła świata. Czy
oznacza to, że pacjenci finansują czyjeś podróże jachtem? -
oburzają się Czytelnicy.

Sprawdziliśmy w aptekach. Rzeczywiście: ranigast podrożał z
2,80 zł do 4,54 zł - ale odpowiednik tego leku (m.in. na
nadkwaśność) oferują także inni polscy producenci. Farmaceuci
podkreślają jednak, iż pacjenci są bardzo przywiązani do
ranigastu
i często rezygnują na jego rzecz z proponowanych im tańszych
odpowiedników.

Polopiryna "S", która podrożała z 3,08 zł do 3,91 zł nie ma
odpowiednika na naszym rynku; jej jedynym wytwórcą jest
Polpharma. Tak samo jest ze scorbolamidem, który niedawno
kosztował 6,50, a teraz trzeba za niego zapłacić już 7,12 zł.

Producent postrzega problem podwyżek zgoła inaczej niż
pacjenci. - Te podwyżki nie mają nic wspólnego z "Rejsem
2000"! - zdecydowanie zaprzecza Krzysztof Metz, specjalista ds.
public relations Polpharmy. - Budżet produkcyjny firmy nie ma
nic wspólnego z jej budżetem promocyjnym; zresztą bud-żet
promocyjny w naszej firmie jest wielokrotnie mniejszy niż w
innych, podobnych zakładach. Drożeje wszystko - drożeją też
leki.

Krzysztof Metz twierdzi, że po przeanalizowaniu cen wszystkich
specyfików produkowanych w jego firmie okaże się, iż większość
z nich jest tańsza od analogicznych, wytwarzanych gdzie indziej.
Na pytanie, dlaczego w krótkim czasie gwałtownie podrożały
akurat te specyfiki, których nie produkuje konkurencja, nie
otrzymaliśmy odpowiedzi.

(DSF)
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4. Data: 2001-02-11 18:09:32

Temat: Odp: Leki-dyletancja-korupcja (dlugie)
Od: "Ryszard (Rysiek) Paleczny" <r...@s...pl> szukaj wiadomości tego autora

>
> (INF. WŁ.) - Ceny leków firmy Polpharma SA szybko idą w
> górę, a równocześnie zasypują nas jej reklamy, bo jest ona
> jednym z głównych sponsorów regat dookoła świata. Czy
> oznacza to, że pacjenci finansują czyjeś podróże jachtem? -
> oburzają się Czytelnicy.

A ja sie ciesze ze ktos reprezentuje Polske na w takim rejsie!!!!

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