Marcin Ciesielski napisał(a):
> *Wymyślanych wbrew brzytwie Ockhama i wbrew tzw. zasadzie Kandela
> (http://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manifest_Kandela ).

Treść "manifestu Kandela"
(http://ajp.psychiatryonline.org/cgi/content/full/15
5/4/457 ):

"Principle 1. All mental processes, even the most complex psychological
processes, derive from operations of the brain. The central tenet of
this view is that what we commonly call mind is a range of functions
carried out by the brain. The actions of the brain underlie not only
relatively simple motor behaviors, such as walking and eating, but all
of the complex cognitive actions, conscious and unconscious, that we
associate with specifically human behavior, such as thinking, speaking,
and creating works of literature, music, and art. As a corollary,
behavioral disorders that characterize psychiatric illness are
disturbances of brain function, even in those cases where the causes of
the disturbances are clearly environmental in origin.

Principle 2. Genes and their protein products are important determinants
of the pattern of interconnections between neurons in the brain and the
details of their functioning. Genes, and specifically combinations of
genes, therefore exert a significant control over behavior. As a
corollary, one component contributing to the development of major mental
illnesses is genetic.

Principle 3. Altered genes do not, by themselves, explain all of the
variance of a given major mental illness. Social or developmental
factors also contribute very importantly. Just as combinations of genes
contribute to behavior, including social behavior, so can behavior and
social factors exert actions on the brain by feeding back upon it to
modify the expression of genes and thus the function of nerve cells.
Learning, including learning that results in dysfunctional behavior,
produces alterations in gene expression. Thus all of "nurture" is
ultimately expressed as "nature."

Principle 4. Alterations in gene expression induced by learning give
rise to changes in patterns of neuronal connections. These changes not
only contribute to the biological basis of individuality but presumably
are responsible for initiating and maintaining abnormalities of behavior
that are induced by social contingencies.

Principle 5. Insofar as psychotherapy or counseling is effective and
produces long-term changes in behavior, it presumably does so through
learning, by producing changes in gene expression that alter the
strength of synaptic connections and structural changes that alter the
anatomical pattern of interconnections between nerve cells of the brain.
As the resolution of brain imaging increases, it should eventually
permit quantitative evaluation of the outcome of psychotherapy".

Oświadczam, że całkowicie zgadzam się z powyższymi poglądami i nie
jestem w stanie zaakceptować _żadnych_ poglądów z nimi sprzecznych,
które są zwyczajnie nienaukowe, a nawet antynaukowe. To, co powyżej
napisano, jest głosem rozsądku w zalewie bełkotu. Dlaczego tak trudno to
zaakceptować niektórym ludziom?

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