1: Mayo Clin Proc. 2004 Jan;79(1):101-8. Related Articles, Links

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* Mayo Clin Proc. 2004 May;79(5):703; author reply 703-4, 707.


Cardiovascular disease resulting from a diet and lifestyle at odds with
our Paleolithic genome: how to become a 21st-century hunter-gatherer.

O'Keefe JH Jr, Cordain L.

Mid America Heart Institute, Cardiovascular Consultants, Kansas City, MO
64111, USA. j...@c...com

Our genetic make-up, shaped through millions of years of evolution,
determines our nutritional and activity needs. Although the human genome has
remained primarily unchanged since the agricultural revolution 10,000 years
ago, our diet and lifestyle have become progressively more divergent from
those of our ancient ancestors. Accumulating evidence suggests that this
mismatch between our modern diet and lifestyle and our Paleolithic genome is
playing a substantial role in the ongoing epidemics of obesity, hypertension,
diabetes, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Until 500 generations
ago, all humans consumed only wild and unprocessed food foraged and hunted
from their environment. These circumstances provided a diet high in lean
protein, polyunsaturated fats (especially omega-3 [omega-3] fatty acids),
monounsaturated fats, fiber, vitamins, minerals, antioxidants, and other
beneficial phytochemicals. Historical and anthropological studies show
hunter-gatherers generally to be healthy, fit, and largely free of the
degenerative cardiovascular diseases common in modern societies. This review
outlines the essence of our hunter-gatherer genetic legacy and suggests
practical steps to re-align our modern milieu with our ancient genome in an
effort to improve cardiovascular health.

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